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A violation of the uncertainty principle implies a violation of the second law of thermodynamics

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  • Esther Hänggi

    (Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore)

  • Stephanie Wehner

    (Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore)

Abstract

Uncertainty relations state that there exist certain incompatible measurements, to which the outcomes cannot be simultaneously predicted. While the exact incompatibility of quantum measurements dictated by such uncertainty relations can be inferred from the mathematical formalism of quantum theory, the question remains whether there is any more fundamental reason for the uncertainty relations to have this exact form. What, if any, would be the operational consequences if we were able to go beyond any of these uncertainty relations? Here we give a strong argument that justifies uncertainty relations in quantum theory by showing that violating them implies that it is also possible to violate the second law of thermodynamics. More precisely, we show that violating the uncertainty relations in quantum mechanics leads to a thermodynamic cycle with positive net work gain, which is very unlikely to exist in nature.

Suggested Citation

  • Esther Hänggi & Stephanie Wehner, 2013. "A violation of the uncertainty principle implies a violation of the second law of thermodynamics," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 4(1), pages 1-5, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:4:y:2013:i:1:d:10.1038_ncomms2665
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2665
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