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The evolving landscape of precise DNA insertion in plants

Author

Listed:
  • Tien Van Vu

    (Gyeongsang National University, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center)

  • Ngan Thi Nguyen

    (Gyeongsang National University, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center)

  • Jihae Kim

    (Gyeongsang National University, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center)

  • Yeon Woo Sung

    (Gyeongsang National University, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center)

  • Woo Sik Chung

    (Gyeongsang National University, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center)

  • Jae-Yean Kim

    (Gyeongsang National University, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center
    Gyeongsang National University, Division of Life Science
    Nulla Bio Inc.)

Abstract

Precise DNA insertion into plant genomes is central to advancing crop improvement and synthetic biology. CRISPR-Cas systems have enabled programmable DNA integration using tools such as gene targeting (GT), prime editing (PE), and recombinase- or transposase-based platforms. These tools are transitioned from theoretical concepts to practical applications, supporting applications like in-locus protein tagging, regulatory element engineering, and multi-gene stacking. Key challenges persist, such as inefficient large-fragment insertion, delivery barriers, and regulatory hurdles. This review traces the evolution from random to CRISPR-Cas-based systems, analyzes current limitations, and discusses emerging solutions paving the way for predictable DNA insertion in modern plant biotechnology.

Suggested Citation

  • Tien Van Vu & Ngan Thi Nguyen & Jihae Kim & Yeon Woo Sung & Woo Sik Chung & Jae-Yean Kim, 2025. "The evolving landscape of precise DNA insertion in plants," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-17, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-025-66715-7
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-66715-7
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