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Modifiable influencing factors and their joint effects on early- and late-onset coronary heart disease

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  • Jianhui Guo

    (Peking University and National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health)

  • Petros Koutrakis

    (Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health)

  • Carolina L. Zilli Vieira

    (Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health)

  • Yi Fan

    (Peking University, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health)

  • Yaqi Wang

    (Peking University and National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health)

  • Xinyao Lian

    (Peking University and National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health)

  • Zhaokun Wang

    (Peking University, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health)

  • Ziqi Tang

    (Peking University and National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health)

  • Shaodan Huang

    (Peking University, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health
    Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University))

  • Jing Li

    (Peking University and National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health)

Abstract

Over the past decade, the previously declining trend in coronary heart disease burden has reversed, particularly among younger adults. Using an exposure-wide association study with data from 394,579 UK Biobank participants, we examined the relationship between 213 modifiable factors across eight domains and coronary heart disease. Weighted domain scores were calculated to assess the combined effects of these factors and their interactions with genetic risk. We identified 155 modifiable factors associated with coronary heart disease, 31 of which showed evidence of causality. The major contributors are health and medical history (15.75%), including diabetes mellitus; blood assays (13.87%), including cystatin C; lifestyle factors (10.01%), including time spent watching television; and physical measures (8.70%), including systolic blood pressure. We estimate that 40% to 62% of cases could be prevented by modifying these factors, which have a stronger effect on younger populations. These findings underscore the importance of early and comprehensive prevention strategies.

Suggested Citation

  • Jianhui Guo & Petros Koutrakis & Carolina L. Zilli Vieira & Yi Fan & Yaqi Wang & Xinyao Lian & Zhaokun Wang & Ziqi Tang & Shaodan Huang & Jing Li, 2025. "Modifiable influencing factors and their joint effects on early- and late-onset coronary heart disease," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-025-65963-x
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-65963-x
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