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Octave-spanning supercontinuum generation from sub-millimeter-length integrated gallium phosphide waveguides

Author

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  • Xucheng Zhang

    (Shanghai Jiao Tong University, State Key Laboratory of Photonics and Communications, Department of Electronic Engineering
    Shanghai Jiao Tong University, John Hopcroft Center for Computer Science
    Hefei National Laboratory)

  • Weiren Cheng

    (Southern University of Science and Technology, School of Microelectronics)

  • Chunxue Wang

    (Shanghai Jiao Tong University, State Key Laboratory of Photonics and Communications, Department of Electronic Engineering
    Shanghai Jiao Tong University, John Hopcroft Center for Computer Science
    Hefei National Laboratory)

  • Ning Ding

    (Southern University of Science and Technology, School of Microelectronics)

  • Qiancheng Zhao

    (Southern University of Science and Technology, School of Microelectronics)

  • Yikai Su

    (Shanghai Jiao Tong University, State Key Laboratory of Photonics and Communications, Department of Electronic Engineering)

  • Xingchen Ji

    (Shanghai Jiao Tong University, State Key Laboratory of Photonics and Communications, Department of Electronic Engineering
    Shanghai Jiao Tong University, John Hopcroft Center for Computer Science
    Hefei National Laboratory)

Abstract

Integrated photonic platforms for supercontinuum generation are revolutionizing applications in metrology, imaging, sensing, and ultrafast photonics. Driven by the advantages of integrated nonlinear waveguides, research has focused on developing novel platforms with broad optical transparency, strong nonlinearity, high refractive index, and low fabrication costs. Here, we explore gallium phosphide (GaP) for supercontinuum generation, leveraging its strong second-order and Kerr nonlinearities, broad optical transparency, and low two-photon absorption at telecom C-band. We report the octave-spanning supercontinuum generation in a sub-millimeter GaP waveguide. The generated supercontinuum, when excited with transversely magnetically polarized light, features a gap-free spectrum and high coherence. Furthermore, our GaP waveguide demonstrates a figure of merit of 43.56 THz/mm/kW, which is the highest reported figure of merit among various integrated photonic platforms operating in the normal dispersion regime. We also observe and analyze the rich underlying physical mechanisms of multiple second harmonics. These results highlight the exceptional versatility of the GaP-on-isolator platform for broadband nonlinear photonics.

Suggested Citation

  • Xucheng Zhang & Weiren Cheng & Chunxue Wang & Ning Ding & Qiancheng Zhao & Yikai Su & Xingchen Ji, 2025. "Octave-spanning supercontinuum generation from sub-millimeter-length integrated gallium phosphide waveguides," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-025-65247-4
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-65247-4
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Xianwen Liu & Alexander W. Bruch & Juanjuan Lu & Zheng Gong & Joshua B. Surya & Liang Zhang & Junxi Wang & Jianchang Yan & Hong X. Tang, 2019. "Beyond 100 THz-spanning ultraviolet frequency combs in a non-centrosymmetric crystalline waveguide," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-8, December.
    2. Bart Kuyken & Takuro Ideguchi & Simon Holzner & Ming Yan & Theodor W. Hänsch & Joris Van Campenhout & Peter Verheyen & Stéphane Coen & Francois Leo & Roel Baets & Gunther Roelkens & Nathalie Picqué, 2015. "An octave-spanning mid-infrared frequency comb generated in a silicon nanophotonic wire waveguide," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 6(1), pages 1-6, May.
    3. Dong Yoon Oh & Ki Youl Yang & Connor Fredrick & Gabriel Ycas & Scott A. Diddams & Kerry J. Vahala, 2017. "Coherent ultra-violet to near-infrared generation in silica ridge waveguides," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 8(1), pages 1-7, April.
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