Development of a genetic priority score to predict drug side effects using human genetic evidence

Many drug failures in clinical trials are due to inadequate safety profiles. We developed an in-silico side effect genetic priority score (SE-GPS) that leverages human genetic evidence to inform side effect risk for a given drug target. We construct the SE-GPS in the Open Target dataset using post-marketing side effect data, externally test it in OnSIDES using side effects reported from drug labels and then generate a SE-GPS for 19,422 protein coding genes and 502 phecodes, of which 1.7% had a SE-GPS > 0. To consider drug mechanism, we incorporated the direction of genetic effect into a directional version of the score called the SE-GPS-DOE. We observe that restricting to at least two lines of genetic evidence conferred a 2.3- and 2.5-fold increased risk in side effects in Open Targets and OnSIDES respectively, with increased enrichments in severe drugs. We make all predictions publicly available in a web portal.