IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/nat/natcom/v16y2025i1d10.1038_s41467-025-63483-2.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Physical vitrification and nanowarming at liter-scale CPA volumes: toward organ cryopreservation

Author

Listed:
  • Lakshya Gangwar

    (University of Minnesota)

  • Zonghu Han

    (University of Minnesota)

  • Cameron Scheithauer

    (University of Minnesota)

  • Bat-Erdene Namsrai

    (University of Minnesota)

  • Saurin Kantesaria

    (University of Minnesota)

  • Rob Goldstein

    (LLC)

  • Michael L. Etheridge

    (University of Minnesota)

  • Erik B. Finger

    (University of Minnesota)

  • John C. Bischof

    (University of Minnesota
    University of Minnesota
    University of Minnesota)

Abstract

Organ banking via vitrification could transform transplantation, but has never been achieved at human organ scales. This study tested vitrification and rewarming in 0.5–3 L volumes using cryoprotective agents (CPAs): M22, VS55, and 40%EG + 0.6 M Sucrose. Ice formation and cracking was avoided through optimized convective cooling, and successful vitrification was confirmed via visual inspection, thermometry, and X-ray µCT. M22 and EG+sucrose vitrified at 0.5 L, but only M22 succeeded at 3 L; VS55 failed at all volumes. Porcine livers (~0.6–1 L total volume; ~0.23–0.75 L organ volume) were also vitrified using EG+sucrose, though not rewarmed. Future experiments are needed to optimize the protocol and achieve liver rewarming. Using nanowarming with iron-oxide nanoparticles and a newly developed 120 kW RF coil, uniform rewarming was achieved in up to 2 L volumes of M22 at ~88 °C/min. This work serves as a proof-of-concept that human organ scale vitrification and rewarming is physically possible, thereby enabling human organ banking in the future.

Suggested Citation

  • Lakshya Gangwar & Zonghu Han & Cameron Scheithauer & Bat-Erdene Namsrai & Saurin Kantesaria & Rob Goldstein & Michael L. Etheridge & Erik B. Finger & John C. Bischof, 2025. "Physical vitrification and nanowarming at liter-scale CPA volumes: toward organ cryopreservation," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-025-63483-2
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-63483-2
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-63483-2
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1038/s41467-025-63483-2?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-025-63483-2. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.nature.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.