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High-fidelity geometric quantum gates exceeding 99.9% in germanium quantum dots

Author

Listed:
  • Yu-Chen Zhou

    (University of Science and Technology of China
    University of Science and Technology of China)

  • Rong-Long Ma

    (University of Science and Technology of China
    University of Science and Technology of China)

  • Zhenzhen Kong

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Beijing Superstring Academy of Memory Technology)

  • Ao-Ran Li

    (University of Science and Technology of China
    University of Science and Technology of China)

  • Chengxian Zhang

    (Guangxi University)

  • Xin Zhang

    (Delft University of Technology)

  • Yang Liu

    (University of Science and Technology of China
    University of Science and Technology of China)

  • Hao-Tian Jiang

    (University of Science and Technology of China
    University of Science and Technology of China)

  • Zhi-Tao Wu

    (University of Science and Technology of China
    University of Science and Technology of China)

  • Gui-Lei Wang

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Beijing Superstring Academy of Memory Technology
    Hefei National Laboratory)

  • Gang Cao

    (University of Science and Technology of China
    University of Science and Technology of China
    Hefei National Laboratory)

  • Guang-Can Guo

    (University of Science and Technology of China
    University of Science and Technology of China
    Hefei National Laboratory)

  • Hai-Ou Li

    (University of Science and Technology of China
    University of Science and Technology of China
    Hefei National Laboratory)

  • Guo-Ping Guo

    (University of Science and Technology of China
    University of Science and Technology of China
    Hefei National Laboratory
    Origin Quantum Computing Company Limited)

Abstract

Achieving high-fidelity and robust qubit manipulations is a crucial requirement for realizing fault-tolerant quantum computation. Here, we demonstrate a single-hole spin qubit in a germanium quantum dot and characterize its control fidelity using gate set tomography. The maximum control fidelities reach 97.48%, 99.81%, 99.88% for the I, X/2 and Y/2 gate, respectively. These results reveal that off-resonance noise during consecutive I gates in gate set tomography sequences severely limits qubit performance. Therefore, we introduce geometric quantum computation to realize noise-resilient qubit manipulation. The geometric gate control fidelities remain above 99% across a wide range of Rabi frequencies. The maximum fidelity surpasses 99.9%. Furthermore, the fidelities of geometric X/2 and Y/2 (I) gates exceed 99% even when detuning the microwave frequency by ± 2.5 MHz (± 1.2 MHz), highlighting the noise-resilient feature. These results demonstrate that geometric quantum computation is a potential method for achieving high-fidelity qubit manipulation reproducibly in semiconductor quantum computation.

Suggested Citation

  • Yu-Chen Zhou & Rong-Long Ma & Zhenzhen Kong & Ao-Ran Li & Chengxian Zhang & Xin Zhang & Yang Liu & Hao-Tian Jiang & Zhi-Tao Wu & Gui-Lei Wang & Gang Cao & Guang-Can Guo & Hai-Ou Li & Guo-Ping Guo, 2025. "High-fidelity geometric quantum gates exceeding 99.9% in germanium quantum dots," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-8, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-025-63241-4
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-63241-4
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