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Multiscale interface engineering enables strong and water resistant wood bonding

Author

Listed:
  • Shiying Zhang

    (Aalto University)

  • Salla Koskela

    (Aalto University
    Aalto University)

  • Halvar Meinhard

    (Aalto University)

  • Paavo Penttilä

    (Aalto University)

  • Muhammad Awais

    (Aalto University
    Norwegian University of Life Sciences)

  • Markus B. Linder

    (Aalto University
    Aalto University)

  • Shennan Wang

    (Aalto University)

  • Lauri Rautkari

    (Aalto University)

Abstract

The growing use of timber in construction has created an urgent need for high-performing engineered wood. Laminating timber facilitates production of structural components, but strong interfacial bonding is essential for engineered wood to outperform solid wood. Here we introduce a method for achieving strong wood bonding using an ionic liquid-dissolved cellulose solution. At the bonding interface, the dissolved cellulose fills the lumina and entangles with the wood cell wall, forming a dense cellulose network interconnecting with wood upon regeneration in water. Concurrent hot-pressing forms a permanently interlocked structure of wood cells. The multiscale bonded interface is water resistant with a shear strength over 20 MPa, nearly twice that of solid wood. This work presents an eco-friendly, high-performing wood bonding mechanism with promising applications in engineered wood products.

Suggested Citation

  • Shiying Zhang & Salla Koskela & Halvar Meinhard & Paavo Penttilä & Muhammad Awais & Markus B. Linder & Shennan Wang & Lauri Rautkari, 2025. "Multiscale interface engineering enables strong and water resistant wood bonding," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-025-63239-y
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-63239-y
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Abhijeet Mishra & Florian Humpenöder & Galina Churkina & Christopher P. O. Reyer & Felicitas Beier & Benjamin Leon Bodirsky & Hans Joachim Schellnhuber & Hermann Lotze-Campen & Alexander Popp, 2022. "Land use change and carbon emissions of a transformation to timber cities," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-12, December.
    2. Galina Churkina & Alan Organschi & Christopher P. O. Reyer & Andrew Ruff & Kira Vinke & Zhu Liu & Barbara K. Reck & T. E. Graedel & Hans Joachim Schellnhuber, 2020. "Buildings as a global carbon sink," Nature Sustainability, Nature, vol. 3(4), pages 269-276, April.
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