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Quantum-enhanced nanodiamond rapid test advances early SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection in clinical diagnostics

Author

Listed:
  • Alyssa Thomas DeCruz

    (London Centre for Nanotechnology UCL
    UCL)

  • Benjamin S. Miller

    (London Centre for Nanotechnology UCL
    UCL
    UCL)

  • Da Huang

    (London Centre for Nanotechnology UCL)

  • Max McRobbie

    (London Centre for Nanotechnology UCL
    UCL)

  • Felix Donaldson

    (London Centre for Nanotechnology UCL)

  • Laura E. McCoy

    (UCL)

  • Ciara K. O’Sullivan

    (Universitat Rovira i Virgili
    Institució Catalana de Recerca Estudis Avancats (ICREA))

  • Johannes C. Botha

    (UCL
    UCLH-NHS Trust)

  • Eleni Nastouli

    (UCL
    UCL
    UCLH-NHS Trust)

  • Rachel A. McKendry

    (London Centre for Nanotechnology UCL
    UCL)

Abstract

Quantum biosensors, which harness quantum effects to detect biomarkers, could address the urgent need for more sensitive rapid diagnostics. Lateral flow tests using nitrogen-vacancy centres in nanodiamond labels offer high sensitivity and robustness by controlling the spin-dependent fluorescence to remove background. This is particularly important in complex and variable clinical samples. However, to date only model systems have been studied with few clinical samples. Here we show results of a clinical evaluation of a spin-enhanced nanodiamond test for SARS-CoV-2 antigen with 103 upper respiratory tract swab samples. We find 95.1% sensitivity (Ct ≤ 30) and 100% specificity benchmarked against RT-qPCR, with no cross-reactivity to influenza A, RSV, and Rhinovirus. Modelling with patient data yields a mean of 2.0-days earlier detection compared to conventional gold-nanoparticle tests (just 0.6 days after RT-qPCR) with 2.2-fold more patients detected on the first day of symptom onset, potentially reducing the transmission risk and protecting populations.

Suggested Citation

  • Alyssa Thomas DeCruz & Benjamin S. Miller & Da Huang & Max McRobbie & Felix Donaldson & Laura E. McCoy & Ciara K. O’Sullivan & Johannes C. Botha & Eleni Nastouli & Rachel A. McKendry, 2025. "Quantum-enhanced nanodiamond rapid test advances early SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection in clinical diagnostics," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-13, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-025-63066-1
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-63066-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Benjamin S. Miller & Léonard Bezinge & Harriet D. Gliddon & Da Huang & Gavin Dold & Eleanor R. Gray & Judith Heaney & Peter J. Dobson & Eleni Nastouli & John J. L. Morton & Rachel A. McKendry, 2020. "Spin-enhanced nanodiamond biosensing for ultrasensitive diagnostics," Nature, Nature, vol. 587(7835), pages 588-593, November.
    2. Jasmine Cubuk & Jhullian J. Alston & J. Jeremías Incicco & Sukrit Singh & Melissa D. Stuchell-Brereton & Michael D. Ward & Maxwell I. Zimmerman & Neha Vithani & Daniel Griffith & Jason A. Wagoner & Gr, 2021. "The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein is dynamic, disordered, and phase separates with RNA," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-17, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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