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Precision aerosol-jet micropatterning of liquid metal for high-performance flexible strain sensors

Author

Listed:
  • Benyan Xu

    (Tsinghua University)

  • Mingyang Yang

    (Tsinghua University)

  • Wenjun Cheng

    (Tsinghua University)

  • Xuyin Li

    (Tsinghua University)

  • Ximei Xu

    (Tsinghua University)

  • Wenming Li

    (Tsinghua University)

  • Hao Zhang

    (Tsinghua University)

  • Ming Zhou

    (Tsinghua University
    Ministry of Education)

Abstract

Flexible wearable strain sensors are rapidly advancing non-invasive devices, while achieving both an ultra-low detection limit and wide sensing range concurrently presents a challenge. Herein, we propose a liquid metal (LM) strain sensors manufacturing strategy employing aerosol jet printing (AJP). Specially formulated LM ink is the key to enabling high-precision printing (12 μm) of LM via AJP, which is optimized by adjusting the concentration of polyvinylpyrrolidone and diethylene glycol. Additionally, through structured sensor pattern design in conjunction with narrow line width AJP, flexible LM strain sensors are developed that feature an ultralow detection limit (0.1% for l-sinusoid and 0.0033% for s wave LM strain sensors) combined with a wide sensing range (660% for l-sinusoid and 230% for s wave). Exceptional performance achieves comprehensive detection of human movement. This research reconciles the trade-off between detection limit and sensing range, while high-precision LM Aerosol-jet Micro-patterning enhances manufacturing in flexible electronics.

Suggested Citation

  • Benyan Xu & Mingyang Yang & Wenjun Cheng & Xuyin Li & Ximei Xu & Wenming Li & Hao Zhang & Ming Zhou, 2025. "Precision aerosol-jet micropatterning of liquid metal for high-performance flexible strain sensors," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-025-63023-y
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-63023-y
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jonathan A. Fan & Woon-Hong Yeo & Yewang Su & Yoshiaki Hattori & Woosik Lee & Sung-Young Jung & Yihui Zhang & Zhuangjian Liu & Huanyu Cheng & Leo Falgout & Mike Bajema & Todd Coleman & Dan Gregoire & , 2014. "Fractal design concepts for stretchable electronics," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 5(1), pages 1-8, May.
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