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Oropouche virus infects human trophoblasts and placenta explants

Author

Listed:
  • Christina J. Megli

    (Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences
    Magee-Womens Research Institute)

  • Rebecca K. Zack

    (Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences)

  • Jackson J. McGaughey

    (Center for Vaccine Research)

  • Ryan M. Hoehl

    (Center for Vaccine Research)

  • Taylor Snisky

    (Magee-Womens Research Institute)

  • Amy L. Hartman

    (Center for Vaccine Research
    University of Pittsburgh, School of Public Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology)

  • Cynthia M. McMillen

    (Center for Vaccine Research
    University of Pittsburgh, School of Public Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology)

Abstract

Clinical and epidemiologic evidence from the 2023–24 outbreak of Oropouche virus (OROV) has demonstrated increased severity in clinical disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes including miscarriage, stillbirth, and neonatal demise. Serological evidence suggests vertical transmission of OROV may be responsible. OROV has not been studied in the context of pregnancy and has an unknown ability to infect the relevant tissues of the maternal-fetal interface; therefore, the mechanisms of vertical transmission are unknown. We use human cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast stem cell cultures, polarized trophoblast stem cell organoids, and placenta explants to demonstrate that OROV (BeAn19991) infects and replicates in human tissues of the maternal-fetal interface including cytotrophoblasts and the microbial-resistant cell, syncytiotrophoblast. Viral replication is robust within the first 24 hour post infection and infection may be dependent on gestational age. These data indicate tissues at the maternal-fetal interface are susceptible to OROV infection and may facilitate vertical transmission, leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Suggested Citation

  • Christina J. Megli & Rebecca K. Zack & Jackson J. McGaughey & Ryan M. Hoehl & Taylor Snisky & Amy L. Hartman & Cynthia M. McMillen, 2025. "Oropouche virus infects human trophoblasts and placenta explants," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-10, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-025-61138-w
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-61138-w
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hao Wu & Xing-Yao Huang & Meng-Xu Sun & Yue Wang & Hang-Yu Zhou & Ying Tian & Beijia He & Kai Li & De-Yu Li & Ai-Ping Wu & Hongmei Wang & Cheng-Feng Qin, 2023. "Zika virus targets human trophoblast stem cells and prevents syncytialization in placental trophoblast organoids," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-16, December.
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