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Quantitative single-shot Supercontinuum-Enhanced Terahertz Spectroscopy (SETS)

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  • Charan R. Nallapareddy

    (The University of Texas at Austin)

  • Thomas C. Underwood

    (The University of Texas at Austin
    The University of Texas at Austin)

Abstract

Single-shot terahertz (THz) spectroscopy probes sub-picosecond, non-repetitive events by combining the advantages of laser absorption with phase-sensitive interferometry. However, its usage as a quantitative tool is hindered by the chirp penalty of the spectral encoding scheme, where a narrow probe bandwidth distorts THz signals, limiting the bandwidth and spectral resolution of THz measurements. In this work, we introduce Supercontinuum-Enhanced Terahertz Spectroscopy (SETS), a method that leverages a broadband supercontinuum probe to overcome these challenges. SETS is shown to increase the usable bandwidth from 1.5 to 2.3 THz (based on the chirped pulse width and supercontinuum bandwidth), reduce signal distortion by 50%, and mitigate null frequencies. Experiments on argon plasma and water vapor, supported by modeling, show SETS enables simultaneous measurement of electron density, collision frequency, and absorption spectra. By mitigating core limitations of single-shot diagnostics, SETS offers a scalable path for quantitative, high-resolution measurements in dynamic, reactive media.

Suggested Citation

  • Charan R. Nallapareddy & Thomas C. Underwood, 2025. "Quantitative single-shot Supercontinuum-Enhanced Terahertz Spectroscopy (SETS)," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-11, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-025-60550-6
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-60550-6
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Arjun Ashoka & Ronnie R. Tamming & Aswathy V. Girija & Hope Bretscher & Sachin Dev Verma & Shang-Da Yang & Chih-Hsuan Lu & Justin M. Hodgkiss & David Ritchie & Chong Chen & Charles G. Smith & Christop, 2022. "Extracting quantitative dielectric properties from pump-probe spectroscopy," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-8, December.
    2. Nicolas Couture & Wei Cui & Markus Lippl & Rachel Ostic & Défi Junior Jubgang Fandio & Eeswar Kumar Yalavarthi & Aswin Vishnuradhan & Angela Gamouras & Nicolas Y. Joly & Jean-Michel Ménard, 2023. "Single-pulse terahertz spectroscopy monitoring sub-millisecond time dynamics at a rate of 50 kHz," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-7, December.
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