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Monolithic silicon carbide metasurfaces for engineering arbitrary 3D perfect vector vortex beams

Author

Listed:
  • Mingze Liu

    (Nanjing University
    Nanjing University)

  • Peicheng Lin

    (Nanjing University)

  • Pengcheng Huo

    (Nanjing University
    Nanjing University)

  • Haocun Qi

    (Nanjing University)

  • Renchao Jin

    (Nanjing University)

  • Hui Zhang

    (Nanjing University)

  • Yongze Ren

    (Nanjing University)

  • Maowen Song

    (Nanjing University
    Nanjing University)

  • Yan-qing Lu

    (Nanjing University
    Nanjing University)

  • Ting Xu

    (Nanjing University
    Nanjing University
    Jiangsu University of Technology)

Abstract

Perfect vector vortex beams (PVVBs) can precisely control the light’s polarization and phase along tailored intensity profiles, offering significant potential for advanced applications such as optical trapping and optical encryption. Extending PVVBs from 2D to 3D configurations would provide an additional spatial control dimension and enhance their information capacity. However, a compact and low-loss solution to generating 3D PVVBs remains unresolved. Here, we propose and demonstrate the use of monolithic silicon carbide metasurfaces with polarization-dependent phase-only modulation to engineer arbitrary PVVBs in 3D space. We reconstruct the 3D intensity and polarization distributions of PVVBs along customized trajectories, showing their independence from polarization orders and spherical coordinates on the Poincaré sphere. Additionally, we demonstrate a monolithic metasurface that encodes parallel-channel 3D PVVBs for information encryption. The 3D PVVBs generated from minimalist metasurfaces hold great promise for multidimensional micromanipulation and laser micromachining, high-security information processing and high-dimensional quantum entanglement.

Suggested Citation

  • Mingze Liu & Peicheng Lin & Pengcheng Huo & Haocun Qi & Renchao Jin & Hui Zhang & Yongze Ren & Maowen Song & Yan-qing Lu & Ting Xu, 2025. "Monolithic silicon carbide metasurfaces for engineering arbitrary 3D perfect vector vortex beams," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-9, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-025-59234-y
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-59234-y
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Valentina Parigi & Vincenzo D’Ambrosio & Christophe Arnold & Lorenzo Marrucci & Fabio Sciarrino & Julien Laurat, 2015. "Storage and retrieval of vector beams of light in a multiple-degree-of-freedom quantum memory," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 6(1), pages 1-7, November.
    2. Hammad Ahmed & Muhammad Afnan Ansari & Yan Li & Thomas Zentgraf & Muhammad Qasim Mehmood & Xianzhong Chen, 2023. "Dynamic control of hybrid grafted perfect vector vortex beams," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-8, December.
    3. Ahmed H. Dorrah & Noah A. Rubin & Michele Tamagnone & Aun Zaidi & Federico Capasso, 2021. "Structuring total angular momentum of light along the propagation direction with polarization-controlled meta-optics," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-13, December.
    4. Mingze Liu & Pengcheng Huo & Wenqi Zhu & Cheng Zhang & Si Zhang & Maowen Song & Song Zhang & Qianwei Zhou & Lu Chen & Henri J. Lezec & Amit Agrawal & Yanqing Lu & Ting Xu, 2021. "Broadband generation of perfect Poincaré beams via dielectric spin-multiplexed metasurface," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-9, December.
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