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Self-organized spatiotemporal quasi-phase-matching in microresonators

Author

Listed:
  • Ji Zhou

    (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne)

  • Jianqi Hu

    (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
    The University of Hong Kong)

  • Marco Clementi

    (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
    Università di Pavia)

  • Ozan Yakar

    (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne)

  • Edgars Nitiss

    (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne)

  • Anton Stroganov

    (EPFL Innovation Park)

  • Camille-Sophie Brès

    (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne)

Abstract

Quasi-phase-matching (QPM) is a widely adopted technique for mitigating stringent momentum conservation in nonlinear optical processes such as second-harmonic generation (SHG). It effectively compensates for the phase velocity mismatch between optical harmonics by introducing a periodic spatial modulation to the nonlinear optical medium. Such a mechanism has been further generalized to the spatiotemporal domain, where a non-stationary spatial QPM can induce a frequency shift of the generated light. Here we demonstrate how a spatiotemporal QPM grating, consisting in a concurrent spatial and temporal modulation of the nonlinear response, naturally emerges through all-optical poling in silicon nitride microresonators. Mediated by the coherent photogalvanic effect, a traveling space-charge grating is self-organized, affecting momentum and energy conservation, resulting in a quasi-phase-matched and Doppler-shifted second harmonic. Our observation of the photoinduced spatiotemporal QPM expands the scope of phase matching conditions in nonlinear photonics.

Suggested Citation

  • Ji Zhou & Jianqi Hu & Marco Clementi & Ozan Yakar & Edgars Nitiss & Anton Stroganov & Camille-Sophie Brès, 2025. "Self-organized spatiotemporal quasi-phase-matching in microresonators," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-7, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-025-59215-1
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-59215-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Adrien Billat & Davide Grassani & Martin H. P. Pfeiffer & Svyatoslav Kharitonov & Tobias J. Kippenberg & Camille-Sophie Brès, 2017. "Large second harmonic generation enhancement in Si3N4 waveguides by all-optically induced quasi-phase-matching," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 8(1), pages 1-7, December.
    2. Timothy P. McKenna & Hubert S. Stokowski & Vahid Ansari & Jatadhari Mishra & Marc Jankowski & Christopher J. Sarabalis & Jason F. Herrmann & Carsten Langrock & Martin M. Fejer & Amir H. Safavi-Naeini, 2022. "Ultra-low-power second-order nonlinear optics on a chip," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
    3. S. M. Spillane & T. J. Kippenberg & K. J. Vahala, 2002. "Ultralow-threshold Raman laser using a spherical dielectric microcavity," Nature, Nature, vol. 415(6872), pages 621-623, February.
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