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Voltage detected single spin dynamics in diamond at ambient conditions

Author

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  • Sergei Trofimov

    (Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie)

  • Klaus Lips

    (Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie
    Freie Universität Berlin
    University of Utah)

  • Boris Naydenov

    (Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie
    Freie Universität Berlin)

Abstract

Defect centres in crystals like diamond or silicon find a wide application in quantum technology, where the detection and control of their quantum states is crucial for their implementation as quantum sensors and qubits. The quantum information is usually encoded in the spin state of these defect centres, but they also often possess a charge which is typically not utilized. We report here the detection of elementary charges bound to single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centres several nanometres below the diamond surface using Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) under laser illumination. Moreover, the measured signal depends on the NV’s electron spin state, thus allowing to perform a non-optical single spin readout, a technique we refer to as “Surface Voltage Detected Magnetic Resonance” (SVDMR). Our method opens a way of coherent spin dynamics detection for quantum sensing applications and could be potentially applied to other solid state systems. We believe that this voltage-based readout would help to simplify the design of devices for quantum technology.

Suggested Citation

  • Sergei Trofimov & Klaus Lips & Boris Naydenov, 2025. "Voltage detected single spin dynamics in diamond at ambient conditions," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-7, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-025-58635-3
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-58635-3
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    1. Andrea Morello & Jarryd J. Pla & Floris A. Zwanenburg & Kok W. Chan & Kuan Y. Tan & Hans Huebl & Mikko Möttönen & Christopher D. Nugroho & Changyi Yang & Jessica A. van Donkelaar & Andrew D. C. Alves , 2010. "Single-shot readout of an electron spin in silicon," Nature, Nature, vol. 467(7316), pages 687-691, October.
    2. Ke Bian & Wentian Zheng & Xianzhe Zeng & Xiakun Chen & Rainer Stöhr & Andrej Denisenko & Sen Yang & Jörg Wrachtrup & Ying Jiang, 2021. "Nanoscale electric-field imaging based on a quantum sensor and its charge-state control under ambient condition," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-9, December.
    3. Matthias Niethammer & Matthias Widmann & Torsten Rendler & Naoya Morioka & Yu-Chen Chen & Rainer Stöhr & Jawad Ul Hassan & Shinobu Onoda & Takeshi Ohshima & Sang-Yun Lee & Amlan Mukherjee & Junichi Is, 2019. "Coherent electrical readout of defect spins in silicon carbide by photo-ionization at ambient conditions," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-8, December.
    4. E. Bourgeois & A. Jarmola & P. Siyushev & M. Gulka & J. Hruby & F. Jelezko & D. Budker & M. Nesladek, 2015. "Photoelectric detection of electron spin resonance of nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 6(1), pages 1-8, December.
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