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Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) in marine mammals and seabirds in Peru

Author

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  • Mariana Leguia

    (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP)
    Centers for Research in Emerging Infectious Diseases)

  • Alejandra Garcia-Glaessner

    (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP)
    Centers for Research in Emerging Infectious Diseases)

  • Breno Muñoz-Saavedra

    (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP)
    Centers for Research in Emerging Infectious Diseases)

  • Diana Juarez

    (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP)
    Centers for Research in Emerging Infectious Diseases)

  • Patricia Barrera

    (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP)
    Centers for Research in Emerging Infectious Diseases)

  • Carlos Calvo-Mac

    (Centers for Research in Emerging Infectious Diseases)

  • Javier Jara

    (Ministerio de Desarrollo Agrario y Riego (MIDAGRI) del Perú)

  • Walter Silva

    (Ministerio de Desarrollo Agrario y Riego (MIDAGRI) del Perú)

  • Karl Ploog

    (Ministerio de Desarrollo Agrario y Riego (MIDAGRI) del Perú)

  • Lady Amaro

    (Ministerio de Desarrollo Agrario y Riego (MIDAGRI) del Perú)

  • Paulo Colchao-Claux

    (Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) – Perú)

  • Christine K. Johnson

    (Centers for Research in Emerging Infectious Diseases
    University of California)

  • Marcela M. Uhart

    (Centers for Research in Emerging Infectious Diseases
    University of California)

  • Martha I. Nelson

    (National Institutes of Health (NIH))

  • Jesus Lescano

    (Ministerio de Desarrollo Agrario y Riego (MIDAGRI) del Perú)

Abstract

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A/H5N1 viruses (lineage 2.3.4.4b) are rapidly invading the Americas, threatening wildlife, poultry, and potentially evolving into the next global pandemic. In November 2022 HPAI arrived in Peru, triggering massive pelican and sea lion die-offs. We report genomic characterization of HPAI/H5N1 in five species of marine mammals and seabirds (dolphins, sea lions, sanderlings, pelicans and cormorants). Peruvian viruses belong to lineage 2.3.4.4b, but they are 4:4 reassortants where 4 genomic segments (PA, HA, NA and MP) position within the Eurasian lineage that initially entered North America from Eurasia, while the other 4 genomic segments (PB2, PB1, NP and NS) position within the American lineage (clade C) that circulated in North America. These viruses are rapidly accruing mutations, including mutations of concern, that warrant further examination and highlight an urgent need for active local surveillance to manage outbreaks and limit spillover into other species, including humans.

Suggested Citation

  • Mariana Leguia & Alejandra Garcia-Glaessner & Breno Muñoz-Saavedra & Diana Juarez & Patricia Barrera & Carlos Calvo-Mac & Javier Jara & Walter Silva & Karl Ploog & Lady Amaro & Paulo Colchao-Claux & C, 2023. "Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) in marine mammals and seabirds in Peru," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-41182-0
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41182-0
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    Cited by:

    1. Augustin Clessin & François-Xavier Briand & Jérémy Tornos & Mathilde Lejeune & Camille Pasquale & Romain Fischer & Florent Souchaud & Edouard Hirchaud & Samuel L. Hong & Tristan Bralet & Christophe Gu, 2025. "Circumpolar spread of avian influenza H5N1 to southern Indian Ocean islands," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-12, December.
    2. Catalina Pardo-Roa & Martha I. Nelson & Naomi Ariyama & Carolina Aguayo & Leonardo I. Almonacid & Ana S. Gonzalez-Reiche & Gabriela Muñoz & Mauricio Ulloa & Claudia Ávila & Carlos Navarro & Rodolfo Re, 2025. "Cross-species and mammal-to-mammal transmission of clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 with PB2 adaptations," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-15, December.
    3. Ashley C. Banyard & Ashley Bennison & Alexander M. P. Byrne & Scott M. Reid & Joshua G. Lynton-Jenkins & Benjamin Mollett & Dilhani Silva & Jacob Peers-Dent & Kim Finlayson & Rosamund Hall & Freya Blo, 2024. "Detection and spread of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus H5N1 in the Antarctic Region," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.

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