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Signatures of the exciton gas phase and its condensation in monolayer 1T-ZrTe2

Author

Listed:
  • Yekai Song

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Chunjing Jia

    (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
    University of Florida)

  • Hongyu Xiong

    (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
    Stanford University
    Shanghai Jiao Tong University)

  • Binbin Wang

    (ShanghaiTech University)

  • Zhicheng Jiang

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Kui Huang

    (ShanghaiTech University)

  • Jinwoong Hwang

    (Stanford University
    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
    Kangwon National Univerisity)

  • Zhuojun Li

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Choongyu Hwang

    (Pusan National University)

  • Zhongkai Liu

    (ShanghaiTech University)

  • Dawei Shen

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    University of Science and Technology of China)

  • Jonathan A. Sobota

    (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
    Stanford University)

  • Patrick Kirchmann

    (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
    Stanford University)

  • Jiamin Xue

    (ShanghaiTech University)

  • Thomas P. Devereaux

    (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
    Stanford University)

  • Sung-Kwan Mo

    (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)

  • Zhi-Xun Shen

    (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
    Stanford University)

  • Shujie Tang

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Chinese Academy of Sciences)

Abstract

The excitonic insulator (EI) is a Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of excitons bound by electron-hole interaction in a solid, which could support high-temperature BEC transition. The material realization of EI has been challenged by the difficulty of distinguishing it from a conventional charge density wave (CDW) state. In the BEC limit, the preformed exciton gas phase is a hallmark to distinguish EI from conventional CDW, yet direct experimental evidence has been lacking. Here we report a distinct correlated phase beyond the 2×2 CDW ground state emerging in monolayer 1T-ZrTe2 and its investigation by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The results show novel band- and energy-dependent folding behavior in a two-step process, which is the signatures of an exciton gas phase prior to its condensation into the final CDW state. Our findings provide a versatile two-dimensional platform that allows tuning of the excitonic effect.

Suggested Citation

  • Yekai Song & Chunjing Jia & Hongyu Xiong & Binbin Wang & Zhicheng Jiang & Kui Huang & Jinwoong Hwang & Zhuojun Li & Choongyu Hwang & Zhongkai Liu & Dawei Shen & Jonathan A. Sobota & Patrick Kirchmann , 2023. "Signatures of the exciton gas phase and its condensation in monolayer 1T-ZrTe2," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-7, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-36857-7
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36857-7
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. J. P. Eisenstein & A. H. MacDonald, 2004. "Bose–Einstein condensation of excitons in bilayer electron systems," Nature, Nature, vol. 432(7018), pages 691-694, December.
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