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Origin of carbonatites—liquid immiscibility caught in the act

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  • Jasper Berndt

    (Institut für Mineralogie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster)

  • Stephan Klemme

    (Institut für Mineralogie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster)

Abstract

Carbonatites are rare but worldwide occurring igneous rocks and their genesis remains enigmatic. Field studies show a close spatial but controversially debated genetic relationship with alkaline silicate rocks, and petrological and experimental studies indicate liquid immiscibility from mantle-derived magmas being one viable model for the generation of carbonatites. However, unaltered carbonatitic melts are rare and the composition of primary carbonate liquids and their silicate conjugates is poorly constrained. Here we show an example of primary Ca-carbonatitic melt formed by liquid immiscibility from a phonolitic magma of the Laacher See volcano (Eifel, Germany). The conjugate blebs of carbonate-silicate liquids are found in hauyne-hosted melt inclusions. The Ca-carbonatite melts are moderately alkali-rich and contain high F and Cl at elevated SiO2 and Al2O3 concentrations. Such carbonatite liquids are viable parental magmas to the globally dominating intrusive Ca-carbonatite complexes and may provide the missing link to extrusive Na-carbonatitic magmas.

Suggested Citation

  • Jasper Berndt & Stephan Klemme, 2022. "Origin of carbonatites—liquid immiscibility caught in the act," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-8, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-30500-7
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30500-7
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wei Chen & Vadim S. Kamenetsky & Antonio Simonetti, 2013. "Evidence for the alkaline nature of parental carbonatite melts at Oka complex in Canada," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 4(1), pages 1-6, December.
    2. Frederick Reinig & Lukas Wacker & Olaf Jöris & Clive Oppenheimer & Giulia Guidobaldi & Daniel Nievergelt & Florian Adolphi & Paolo Cherubini & Stefan Engels & Jan Esper & Alexander Land & Christine La, 2021. "Precise date for the Laacher See eruption synchronizes the Younger Dryas," Nature, Nature, vol. 595(7865), pages 66-69, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Michael Anenburg & Tibor Guzmics, 2023. "Silica is unlikely to be soluble in upper crustal carbonatite melts," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-4, December.

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