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Beige adipocytes mediate the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of subcutaneous fat in obese mice

Author

Listed:
  • De-Huang Guo

    (Augusta University)

  • Masaki Yamamoto

    (Augusta University)

  • Caterina M. Hernandez

    (Augusta University)

  • Hesam Khodadadi

    (Augusta University)

  • Babak Baban

    (Augusta University
    Augusta University)

  • Alexis M. Stranahan

    (Augusta University)

Abstract

Visceral obesity increases risk of cognitive decline in humans, but subcutaneous adiposity does not. Here, we report that beige adipocytes are indispensable for the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of subcutaneous fat. Mice lacking functional beige fat exhibit accelerated cognitive dysfunction and microglial activation with dietary obesity. Subcutaneous fat transplantation also protects against chronic obesity in wildtype mice via beige fat-dependent mechanisms. Beige adipocytes restore hippocampal synaptic plasticity following transplantation, and these effects require the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-4 (IL4). After observing beige fat-mediated induction of IL4 in meningeal T-cells, we investigated the contributions of peripheral lymphocytes in donor fat. There was no sign of donor-derived lymphocyte trafficking between fat and brain, but recipient-derived lymphocytes were required for the effects of transplantation on cognition and microglial morphology. These findings indicate that beige adipocytes oppose obesity-induced cognitive impairment, with a potential role for IL4 in the relationship between beige fat and brain function.

Suggested Citation

  • De-Huang Guo & Masaki Yamamoto & Caterina M. Hernandez & Hesam Khodadadi & Babak Baban & Alexis M. Stranahan, 2021. "Beige adipocytes mediate the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of subcutaneous fat in obese mice," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-14, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:12:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-021-24540-8
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24540-8
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