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SARS-CoV-2 induces robust germinal center CD4 T follicular helper cell responses in rhesus macaques

Author

Listed:
  • Yashavanth Shaan Lakshmanappa

    (UC Davis)

  • Sonny R. Elizaldi

    (UC Davis
    UC Davis)

  • Jamin W. Roh

    (UC Davis
    UC Davis)

  • Brian A. Schmidt

    (UC Davis)

  • Timothy D. Carroll

    (UC Davis)

  • Kourtney D. Weaver

    (Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center)

  • Justin C. Smith

    (Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center)

  • Anil Verma

    (UC Davis)

  • Jesse D. Deere

    (UC Davis)

  • Joseph Dutra

    (UC Davis)

  • Mars Stone

    (University of California
    Vitalant Research Institute)

  • Sergej Franz

    (Vitalant Research Institute)

  • Rebecca Lee Sammak

    (UC Davis)

  • Katherine J. Olstad

    (UC Davis)

  • J. Rachel Reader

    (UC Davis
    UC Davis)

  • Zhong-Min Ma

    (UC Davis)

  • Nancy K. Nguyen

    (UC Davis)

  • Jennifer Watanabe

    (UC Davis)

  • Jodie Usachenko

    (UC Davis)

  • Ramya Immareddy

    (UC Davis)

  • JoAnn L. Yee

    (UC Davis)

  • Daniela Weiskopf

    (La Jolla Institute for Immunology)

  • Alessandro Sette

    (La Jolla Institute for Immunology
    University of California)

  • Dennis Hartigan-O’Connor

    (UC Davis
    UC Davis)

  • Stephen J. McSorley

    (UC Davis
    UC Davis)

  • John H. Morrison

    (UC Davis
    UC Davis)

  • Nam K. Tran

    (UC Davis)

  • Graham Simmons

    (University of California
    Vitalant Research Institute)

  • Michael P. Busch

    (University of California
    Vitalant Research Institute)

  • Pamela A. Kozlowski

    (Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center)

  • Koen K. A. Rompay

    (UC Davis
    UC Davis)

  • Christopher J. Miller

    (UC Davis
    UC Davis
    UC Davis)

  • Smita S. Iyer

    (UC Davis
    UC Davis
    UC Davis)

Abstract

CD4 T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are important for the generation of durable and specific humoral protection against viral infections. The degree to which SARS-CoV-2 infection generates Tfh cells and stimulates the germinal center (GC) response is an important question as we investigate vaccine induced immunity against COVID-19. Here, we report that SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques, either infused with convalescent plasma, normal plasma, or receiving no infusion, resulted in transient accumulation of pro-inflammatory monocytes and proliferating Tfh cells with a Th1 profile in peripheral blood. CD4 helper cell responses skewed predominantly toward a Th1 response in blood, lung, and lymph nodes. SARS-CoV-2 Infection induced GC Tfh cells specific for the SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins, and a corresponding early appearance of antiviral serum IgG antibodies. Collectively, the data show induction of GC responses in a rhesus model of mild COVID-19.

Suggested Citation

  • Yashavanth Shaan Lakshmanappa & Sonny R. Elizaldi & Jamin W. Roh & Brian A. Schmidt & Timothy D. Carroll & Kourtney D. Weaver & Justin C. Smith & Anil Verma & Jesse D. Deere & Joseph Dutra & Mars Ston, 2021. "SARS-CoV-2 induces robust germinal center CD4 T follicular helper cell responses in rhesus macaques," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-14, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:12:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-020-20642-x
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20642-x
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