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Transposable elements contribute to cell and species-specific chromatin looping and gene regulation in mammalian genomes

Author

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  • Adam G. Diehl

    (University of Michigan)

  • Ningxin Ouyang

    (University of Michigan)

  • Alan P. Boyle

    (University of Michigan
    University of Michigan)

Abstract

Chromatin looping is important for gene regulation, and studies of 3D chromatin structure across species and cell types have improved our understanding of the principles governing chromatin looping. However, 3D genome evolution and its relationship with natural selection remains largely unexplored. In mammals, the CTCF protein defines the boundaries of most chromatin loops, and variations in CTCF occupancy are associated with looping divergence. While many CTCF binding sites fall within transposable elements (TEs), their contribution to 3D chromatin structural evolution is unknown. Here we report the relative contributions of TE-driven CTCF binding site expansions to conserved and divergent chromatin looping in human and mouse. We demonstrate that TE-derived CTCF binding divergence may explain a large fraction of variable loops. These variable loops contribute significantly to corresponding gene expression variability across cells and species, possibly by refining sub-TAD-scale loop contacts responsible for cell-type-specific enhancer-promoter interactions.

Suggested Citation

  • Adam G. Diehl & Ningxin Ouyang & Alan P. Boyle, 2020. "Transposable elements contribute to cell and species-specific chromatin looping and gene regulation in mammalian genomes," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-18, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:11:y:2020:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-020-15520-5
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15520-5
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    Cited by:

    1. Xiaowen Lyu & M. Jordan Rowley & Michael J. Kulik & Stephen Dalton & Victor G. Corces, 2023. "Regulation of CTCF loop formation during pancreatic cell differentiation," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-18, December.
    2. Yuyun Zhang & Zijuan Li & Jinyi Liu & Yu’e Zhang & Luhuan Ye & Yuan Peng & Haoyu Wang & Huishan Diao & Yu Ma & Meiyue Wang & Yilin Xie & Tengfei Tang & Yili Zhuang & Wan Teng & Yiping Tong & Wenli Zha, 2022. "Transposable elements orchestrate subgenome-convergent and -divergent transcription in common wheat," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-16, December.
    3. Mayank N. K. Choudhary & Kara Quaid & Xiaoyun Xing & Heather Schmidt & Ting Wang, 2023. "Widespread contribution of transposable elements to the rewiring of mammalian 3D genomes," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-12, December.
    4. Yi Liao & Juntao Wang & Zhangsheng Zhu & Yuanlong Liu & Jinfeng Chen & Yongfeng Zhou & Feng Liu & Jianjun Lei & Brandon S. Gaut & Bihao Cao & J. J. Emerson & Changming Chen, 2022. "The 3D architecture of the pepper genome and its relationship to function and evolution," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-18, December.

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