The objective of the paper is to provide an overview of the current evolution of energy security coordinates in European Union and in Romania, by reference to global efforts to achieve climate neutrality through the energy transition. The study highlights the role of the energy transition as a security factor for current and future communities. The authors draw attention to the recent geopolitical context and propose a comprehensive analysis of economic conditions, in particular those related to the provision of energy resources for the countries of the European continent and beyond, which determine or delay political and diplomatic decisions, both at European Union level and in each Member State. In this context, issues related to energy poverty are brought to the fore in terms of the social impact that geostrategic decisions have on the quality of life of citizens. The historical method was used in the elaboration of the material, in order to make it possible to understand the process of outlining the current energy security policies in terms of the imperatives of sustainability, both environmental and social. The logical method has helped to better understand the cause-effect relationship and the objective connections between economic processes of an energetic nature. With the help of the graphical method, the statistical data and their evolution in details of interest for the present study were highlighted. The analysis and synthesis of the information provided us with a systematic and integrated approach to the complex of factors considered in the study. The results of the articles are embodied in an approach that aims to focus on economic and social determinations of state capacity to support the EU's independence from a single supplier in the current context of conflict. The authors conclude by anticipating massive challenges to achieving the environmental objectives of the European Green Pact, as well as by highlighting the issue of energy poverty as a social factor influencing global strategic decision. Romania's energy security could be ensured in a sustainable way, within the targets set by the European Union, through the development of interconnected infrastructure and through the judicious use of funding

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