Partiția Indiei. Provocări în domeniul securității naționale în India independentă

The aim of this research is to approach, from an historic perspective, the events that occurred in 1947 on the current territory of India and Pakistan. The 20th century marks a new start for India, following two events that determined the fate of the Indian people: nation's independence from the British Raj and the partition of India. When the clock beat midnight on 15 August 1947, the cries of joy of liberation from colonial rule were drowned by the shouts of millions of people who were making their way through the outrageous landscape of India and Pakistan. What should have been a moment of coronation of triumph after years of struggle against the British Raj was, in fact, affected by unimaginable violence and bloodshed. Up to two million people have lost their lives in the most terrible ways. The dark landscape has brought silent testimonies about trains loaded with dead, decapitated corpses, limbs scattered along the sides of the roads, rapes and looting. The division of the Indian sub-continent in 1947 into independent nations, India with Hindu majority, and Pakistan with a Muslim majority, was followed by one of the largest mass migration in human history and violence on a scale that had rarely have been seen before. India has experienced violence that followed the division, which has resulted in the death of up to one million people and the displacement of millions more. The division of India into two dominions led to the creation of two different nations from a religious, social, political and cultural point of view. As a methodology, historical tools and perspectives will be taken into account, both in terms of diacronistic, descriptive presentation following the historical thread of events, and in terms of synchronous, analysis and comparative synthesis, where possible, of decisive historical aspects and times experienced by India at that time. The results will reflect answers to questions related to partition events, border-setting, inter-religious fighting, addressing in particular national safety challenges. India's partition has created new challenges in the field of defense and national security. The interstate conflicts that broke out in 1947 have echoed even in independent India. From ongoing conflicts at the Indian-Pakistani border, to unsolved questions about the place of religious minorities in both countries, to traumatic memories of violence that shaped the origins of both nations, the South-Asian subcontinent is still marked by that fateful moment. In conclusion, after so many years, India is facing the consequences of the devastating events that happened in 1947. India's partition continues to have a footprint on national security, which remains threatened by interethnic conflicts.