Economic immigration in the secondary segment in Poland taking the example of employees from Ukraine

The article aimed to analyse the labour market in Poland in relation to the employment of foreigners, especially immigrants from Ukraine, showing not only the dimensions of economic immigration over the period 2009-2019 but also the impact on the Polish economy. An analysis of the changes in the situation of foreign workers in the labour market over the last decade shows that despite an increase in employment among foreigners, they are not competition for native employees, which means that they “do not take jobs”, on the contrary – they fill the gap where there is a shortage of native employees, because, for example, they went abroad or do not want to take niche, low-paid jobs. The method is based on statistical analysis of existing data contained in reports and at the Ministry of Labour from 2009 to 2019. This allowed an analysis of the dynamics of the process and the capturing of trends in the employment of immigrants in individual years and industries. The results of the research analysis indicate that foreigners ensure compatibility of service and production levels (e.g., no breaks in production or trade). Simplified procedures for employing foreigners, especially in the field of issued declarations on entrusting work to foreigners result in a further inflow of employees, mainly from such countries as Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, Russia, and Ukraine. In addition, the number of long-term immigrants undertaking their own business activities is increasing. Legally employed foreigners are taxed on their work which, increases the PKB in Poland.