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Migration and Integration: Austrian and California Experiences with Low-Skilled Migrants

Author

Listed:
  • Gudrun Biffl

    (Emeritus Professor, Donau-Universitat Krems, Austria)

  • Philip L. Martin

    (University of California, Davis, United States)

Abstract

This paper examines migrant-integration policies and outcomes in Austria and California, with a special focus on recently arrived low-skilled migrants. Unlike native-born workers, who form a broad diamond shape when arrayed by their level of education to reflect the large share who have completed secondary school but did not earn university degrees, foreign-born workers have more of an hourglass or barbell shape, including some who have more than a first university degree and many who have not completed secondary school. Austria promotes a stepwise approach to the labor market integration of recently arrived refugees, viz, language and skills training before employment, under the theory that investing in people first will raise their long-run earnings. California expects newly arrived migrants to use family and social networks to find jobs and housing to support themselves without government assistance.

Suggested Citation

  • Gudrun Biffl & Philip L. Martin, 2018. "Migration and Integration: Austrian and California Experiences with Low-Skilled Migrants," Border Crossing, Transnational Press London, UK, vol. 8(1), pages 30-39, January-J.
    • Handle: RePEc:mig:bcwpap:v:8:y:2018:i:1:p:30-39
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