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The German Influence on Brazilian Economic Thought and Policies: From the 1950s to the 1970s

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  • Hernán Ramírez

Abstract

The article examines the influence of German thought in Brazil, particularly Ordoliberalism and the Social Market Economy, as a possible framework for the economic policies of the Brazilian dictatorship or some of its most emblematic figures. These ideas, distinct from classical neoliberalism, were especially relevant to the policies implemented between 1964 and 1973, characterized by a strong reliance on the state apparatus and economic planning. This hypothesis is supported by empirical evidence found in primary and secondary sources from key actors in this process of intellectual circulation. These sources indicate an engagement with such theories both before and during the military regime, further reflected in diplomatic visits and joint projects between the two countries—initially shaped by a strong anti-communist orientation. This suggests that West Germany served as a model for countries with weak market structures and played a crucial role in the U.S. Cold War strategy. However, signs of autonomous ambitions from both Germany and Brazil can also be observed.

Suggested Citation

  • Hernán Ramírez, 2025. "The German Influence on Brazilian Economic Thought and Policies: From the 1950s to the 1970s," International Journal of Political Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 54(4), pages 569-591, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:mes:ijpoec:v:54:y:2025:i:4:p:569-591
    DOI: 10.1080/08911916.2025.2587403
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