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Military Conflicts and Stock Markets: The Effect of the Russia–Ukraine Conflict on the European Stock Market

Author

Listed:
  • Selma Boussetta
  • Victor Dragotă
  • Andreea Iordache

Abstract

This paper examines the impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 on European stock markets. Our main findings are as follows. First, by distinguishing among developed, emerging and frontier stock markets, we find that these groups reacted heterogeneously to the recent military invasion. Specifically, while most European capital markets experienced a significant decline in returns on 24 February 2022, this effect was more pronounced and persisted longer in emerging markets. This difference is further confirmed by regression analysis. Second, we document a significant increase in the volatility of emerging and frontier European stock market indices following the onset of political unrest, while the uprisings had little or no significant effect on the volatility of developed European markets. Third, similar results are not found for the world and other developed stock market indices, suggesting that the changes are the result of military tensions. Overall, the results are important for including geopolitical risk in analyses of stock market performance and stability.

Suggested Citation

  • Selma Boussetta & Victor Dragotă & Andreea Iordache, 2026. "Military Conflicts and Stock Markets: The Effect of the Russia–Ukraine Conflict on the European Stock Market," Eastern European Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 64(3), pages 325-367, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:mes:eaeuec:v:64:y:2026:i:3:p:325-367
    DOI: 10.1080/00128775.2025.2463436
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