Document 9

Land and resources in Zhejiang and Guangdong are similar: Both have little land, many people, and a high population density. Looking at the topographical structure, the area of hills and mountains in the two provinces is quite large, with few plains, which are distributed primarily along the coast. Both provinces are described as "seven parts mountains, one part water, and two parts land." Additionally, both provinces have good ports, rich fishing resources, and unreclaimed coastal areas as back-up resources. But with its location not as good as Guangdong's, Zhejiang enjoyed fewer state preferential policies and at a later date. The provincial capital [Hangzhou] suffers from restrictions on its administrative districts and the demands of the nature of the city; the population and scale of economic concentration are less than in Guangzhou. It also lacks direct contact points with international related networks, is a non-entry port, and has a low degree of openness to the outside.