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The Mixed Effects of Making Contribution Behaviors Observable

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  • Noel Zigrand Hoven

    (University of Oslo)

  • Karine Nyborg

    (University of Oslo)

Abstract

Voluntary contributions to public goods have been shown to increase when contribution behaviors become observable by peers. We examine the effect of social pressure on moral behavior, using a framework distinguishing explicitly between observable and non-observable forms of contribution. We show that even with moral motivation and social pressure, there is underprovision of the public good. Making some contribution behaviors observable does increase effort, but also causes misallocation of effort between observable and non-observable effort types. The latter negative effect can possibly outweigh the positive effect of increased effort on public good provision.

Suggested Citation

  • Noel Zigrand Hoven & Karine Nyborg, 2025. "The Mixed Effects of Making Contribution Behaviors Observable," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 88(10), pages 2645-2661, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:enreec:v:88:y:2025:i:10:d:10.1007_s10640-025-01032-7
    DOI: 10.1007/s10640-025-01032-7
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