Study on the Improvement of Carbon Trading Mechanism and Integration of Low Carbon Energy System under Bi-Level Optimal Dispatch Strategy

To enhance the overall carbon reduction benefits of integrated energy systems, this study proposes a bi-level carbon emission optimization scheduling strategy that coordinates both supply and demand sides. On the supply side, an innovative low-carbon economic dispatch strategy for energy hubs is developed, incorporating an improved stepwise carbon trading mechanism. On the demand side, a comprehensive demand response optimization strategy is established, integrating price-based and carbon offset incentives while considering user consumption comfort and the diminishing effects of boundary utility. Based on the above research, a Stackelberg game model is constructed with the supply side as the leader and the demand side as the follower, which is solved using an adaptive differential evolution algorithm. Through simulation analysis of a distributed electricity-heat integrated energy system case, the results demonstrate that compared to traditional carbon trading models, the proposed bi-level optimization model not only significantly improves the overall system benefits but also achieves multi-dimensional optimization goals: a 2.6% reduction in carbon emissions, a 10.5% increase in consumer surplus on the user side, and a 3.9% decrease in energy procurement costs.