Cloud Integrated Precision Agriculture with LoRa WAN and ESP32

The proposed Cloud-Integrated Precision Agriculture (CI-PA) system is a solution that integrates LoRaWAN, Arduino Uno, ESP32, and IoT cloud technology to create an efficient and intelligent solution for monitoring and automatic irrigation in agricultural fields. The field unit is made up of the Arduino Uno microprocessor, the soil moisture sensor, DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor and the rain sensor that are connected to each other so as to monitor the important parameters of the environment and soil continuously. The data gathered by the sensors are communicated over long distances using LoRa communication, which makes the system suitable also for large agricultural fields where the coverage of conventional short-range wireless technologies can be limited. The transmitted data is received by an ESP32 microcontroller attached to a LoRa receiver, then uploaded to the ThingSpeak cloud platform via Wi-Fi and displayed on a web browser or mobile device, allowing the farmers to remotely view conditions in the field. The ESP32 is used to control a DC water pump using relay in the case of soil moisture. If the soil moisture drops below a predetermined value, the pump turns on and the pump is switched off automatically when the desired moisture is reached once again. This closed loop irrigation mechanism can help to cut down on water wastage and manual work. Real-time sensor readings and system status are locally displayed in the field and monitoring units using 16×2 I2C LCD displays. There is also a buzzer that provides instant alerts when necessary, such as when the soil is very low on moisture, during heavy rain or when the communication is lost. A combination of long-range LoRa communication, cloud monitoring, embedded control and automated irrigation is low cost, reliable and energy efficient for precision agriculture. The proposed system can benefit real-time field monitoring, efficient water management, and minimize the farmer's workload, and offers a flexible framework for future smart farming applications.