LayerZero: Blockchain-Based Carbon Credit MRV System

The credibility of voluntary carbon markets depends heavily on the reliability of the systems used to measure, report, and verify carbon sequestration claims. Conventional infrastructure for monitoring, reporting, and verification is predominantly manual, fragmented, and vulnerable to data manipulation, leading to inflated credit claims and double-counting. We design and implement LayerZero, a full-stack blockchain-based Carbon credit validation and tokenization platform. The system integrates guided project submission workflows, geospatial plantation boundary geofencing via Leaflet, field-level biomass carbon quantification based on adapted IPCC Tier 1 equations, tamper-evident image storage via Cloudinary, and automatic ERC-20 token minting on the Ethereum Sepolia testnet. A role-stratified governance model distributes system access among project owners, certified validators, and platform administrators. All verified carbon values are stored and publicly readable on-chain, creating a decentralized and auditable record. The system also supports annual monitoring cycles with incremental token minting, automated PDF certificate generation, and an integrated peer-to-peer token marketplace. System evaluations confirm that LayerZero successfully eliminates double-counting through token burning, reduces administrative delays, and provides a cost-effective digital accounting model for afforestation and reforestation projects.