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Design and Implementation of a Solar-Powered Smart Car with an Automatic Braking System

Author

Listed:
  • Anurag Kumar Shrivastawa
  • Shubhankar Satyam
  • Priya Kumari
  • Deepti Mehta

Abstract

The automotive industry has been transformed by the rapid development of evolved embedded systems with developed sensor technologies and wireless communication. This paper describes the total design, implementation, and performance evaluation of a low-cost, solar-powered smart car with an automatic braking system. The system integrates an Arduino Uno microcontroller as the central controlling component, an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor for detection of obstacles in real time, L298N motor drivers for controlling the motors, DC motors with wheels for propelling the vehicle, an HC-05 Bluetooth device for wireless communication, and an overall solar-powered energy system which includes a 6volt polycrystalline solar panel, 6volt rechargeable lead-acid battery, and 1N4007 diode to protect against reverse current flow to charge the battery during daylight hours. This system operates in two complementary modes of operation, being a manual control mode through a Bluetooth-supported mobile application and an automatic safety braking mode based on continuous observation of visual cues within the vehicle to avoid collisions with surrounding vehicles. If an obstacle is detected within 75 centimeters of the vehicle, the Arduino Uno will take over manual control and will send a stop signal to the motor drivers causing the vehicle to stop within 3 to 4 centimeters of the obstacle. The key concept of this innovation is that it is able to support the evaluation and operation of quickly changing obstacles that appear at very short distances (

Suggested Citation

  • Anurag Kumar Shrivastawa & Shubhankar Satyam & Priya Kumari & Deepti Mehta, 2026. "Design and Implementation of a Solar-Powered Smart Car with an Automatic Braking System," International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology, International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology, vol. 12(2), pages 774-783, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:jbh:ijsrcs:v12:y2026:i2:id:1980
    DOI: 10.32628/CSEIT261213116
    Note: Article URL: https://ijsrcseit.com/home/article/view/CSEIT261213116
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