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Medidas de pobreza y su eficiencia para captar transferencias regresivas de ingreso

Author

Listed:
  • Aguilar-Gutiérrez, Genaro.

    (Instituto Politécnico Nacional.)

Abstract

En épocas de severas depresiones económicas, como la que se vive internacionalmente desde el año 2007, diversas transformaciones que inician en el ámbito económico de las naciones se transfieren hacia su estructura productiva e inevitablemente, hacia los mecanismos que determinan la distribución de la riqueza nacional. En el año 2010 se vive una nueva depresión que viene desde la esfera financiera (con los “Hegde funds” y los derivados financieros detrás de la crisis) de los mercados europeos, pero que traerá repercusiones hacia la distribución de la riqueza dentro de los países. Cuando estas depresiones ocurren también se presentan diversas modificaciones en la estructura social. La pobreza en las naciones más vulnerables aumenta invariablemente. Para analizar esas modificaciones, que se presentan en los sectores más frágiles de la estructura social, deben utilizarse instrumentos de medición adecuados. Las medidas de pobreza que se emplean en la literatura internacional no responden de igual forma al captar en sus índices las transformaciones sociales que se presentan durante las crisis económicas. Este estudio muestra los cambios que ocurren con las medidas usualmente empleadas en la literatura internacional para cuantificar la pobreza como respuesta a modificaciones en la estructura distributiva del ingreso. Finalmente se concluye que, el índice Sen capta de manera más adecuada lo que ocurre con los más pobres de un país. / In times of severe economic depressions like the one we internationally live since 2007, diverse transformations affect the productive structure of nations, and inevitably the mechanisms that determine the distribution of national wealth. In 2010 we are living a new depression that originated in the financial sphere (with “Hedge Funds” and financial derivatives behind the crisis) of European markets, but it will inevitably have repercussions on the distribution of wealth of other countries. Diverse modifications of the social structure arise when these depressions occur. Poverty in the most vulnerable nations invariably increases. Hence, in order to analyze the modifications that arise in the more fragile sectors of the social structure adequate measurement instruments must be used. Poverty measures reported in the international literature don’t measure equally, and their indexes fail to adequately capture the social transformations that arise during economic crisis. This study reports on the differences we encounter when trying to quantify poverty as a result of modifications in the distributive income structure using the different measures reported in the international literature. I conclude that if we want to adequately measure what happens to the poorest of a country in times of economic depressions we must use the Sen Index.

Suggested Citation

  • Aguilar-Gutiérrez, Genaro., 2010. "Medidas de pobreza y su eficiencia para captar transferencias regresivas de ingreso," Panorama Económico, Escuela Superior de Economía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, vol. 0(10), pages 75-96, primer se.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipn:panora:v:v:y:2010:i:10:p:75-96
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Medida y análisis de la pobreza; ingreso personal; riqueza y su distribución. / Measure and analysis of poverty; personal income; wealth and its distribution.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I32 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement

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