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Algunos determinantes del crecimiento sectorial en México

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  • Álvarez-Almonte, Gabriela

    (Instituto Politécnico Nacional)

Abstract

El propósito de este artículo es analizar el crecimiento del producto interno bruto (PIB), del cambio tecnológico para tres sectores económicos (manufactura, comercio y servicios) de la economía mexicana para el periodo 1994-2009. La idea central es determinar las fuentes del crecimiento de dichos sectores y posteriormente determinar el nivel de participación de éstos en el crecimiento del producto interno bruto del país. Se identifi ca también los sesgos existentes entre regiones según nivel de densidad poblacional. Para tales propósitos, se plantea un modelo cuya estructura teórica del crecimiento neoclásico, parte de una función de producción con tres factores de producción: capital físico (K), fuerza de trabajo (L) y capital humano (H), la estructura funcional en la función típica de Cobb-Douglas. Se hace un análisis descriptivo de la información estadística por sectores económicos y se estima un modelo de regresión lineal para determinar el nivel de explicación de los mencionados factores de producción sobre el producto interno bruto. En general, se encuentra que el crecimiento del producto depende, en mayor medida, del factor capital humano, posteriormente de la acumulación de capital y en una menor proporción de la mano de obra. El sector que mejor responde a la productividad de los factores es el sector manufacturero, luego el sector servicios y en una menor medida el sector comercio./ The purpose of this paper is to analyze the growth of Gross Domestic Product, Technical Change for three economic sectors (manufacturing, commerce and services) of the Mexican economy for the period 1994-2009. The central idea is to determine the sources of growth in those sectors and then determine the level of their participation in the growth of gross domestic product. It was identified biases between regions according to their population density. For such purposes, it arises as a model structure of the neoclassical growth theory, part of a production function with three factors of production, physical capital (K), labor (L) and human capital (H), the structure functional in the typical function of Cobb- Douglas. It is a descriptive analysis of statistical information by economic sector and a projected linear regression model to determine the level of explanation to those factors of production on gross domestic product. In general, we find that the output growth is more dependent on human capital factor then the accumulation of capital and a smaller proportion of the workforce. The sector responds to me better productivity factor is the manufacturing sector, then the service sector and to a lesser extent the commercial sector

Suggested Citation

  • Álvarez-Almonte, Gabriela, 2010. "Algunos determinantes del crecimiento sectorial en México," eseconomía, Escuela Superior de Economía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, vol. 0(27), pages 35-56, tercer tr.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipn:esecon:v:v:y:2010:i:27:p:35-56
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