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Trade Liberalization Effects on Economic Growth, 1980-2022

Author

Listed:
  • Christian Said Dominguez Blancas

    (Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México)

  • Gerardo Ángeles Castro

    (Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México)

Abstract

La visión ortodoxa del efecto del comercio sobre el PIB per cápita supone mayor crecimiento y equidad, la teoría heterodoxa refuta el argumento y predice resultados inequitativos y divergentes entre países. Reanudamos la discusión utilizando información de 1980 a 2022 en 102 países, aplicando una metodología de datos panel y desagregación de pendientes. El objetivo es probar si el comercio tiene efectos adversos en países de menores ingresos y como el efecto ha cambiado en el tiempo. Los resultados muestran que el comercio afecta negativamente el crecimiento del PIB per cápita principalmente a través de las importaciones, esto tiende a empeorar con el tiempo y el impacto es mayor en países pobres. La principal implicación es la creciente divergencia de ingresos entre las naciones, la recomendación es que gobiernos y organismos multilaterales continúen buscando formas de equilibrar y socializar el comercio. Se concluye que postulados heterodoxos, como la visión de Thirlwall sobre el comercio, continúan teniendo vigencia. La originalidad del documento radica en la desagregación de resultados por países y bloques de tiempo, así como exportaciones e importaciones.

Suggested Citation

  • Christian Said Dominguez Blancas & Gerardo Ángeles Castro, 2024. "Trade Liberalization Effects on Economic Growth, 1980-2022," Remef - Revista Mexicana de Economía y Finanzas Nueva Época REMEF (The Mexican Journal of Economics and Finance), Instituto Mexicano de Ejecutivos de Finanzas, IMEF, vol. 19(3), pages 1-22, Julio - S.
    • Handle: RePEc:imx:journl:v:19:y:2024:i:3:a:5
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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • B5 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - Current Heterodox Approaches
    • C5 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling
    • C33 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • F1 - International Economics - - Trade
    • F4 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance

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