Aquaculture and Environmental Pollution -A Review work

Aquaculture, the farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, mollusks, crustaceans, plants, in natural or controlled marine or freshwater environments. Aquaculture is a fast developing field in the developing world. In India and other such developing nations it has a dominating position in the gross domestic product. Aquaculture is continued to be one of the most viable methods to supply growing world population needs, but the challenge to maintain profitability and environmental compatibility is daunting. Aquaculture has had both positive and negative outcomes. Furthermore, aquaculture development represents a potential threat to greenhouse gas sinks and reservoirs, whilst aquaculture practices constitute a largely undefined source of greenhouse gas emissions. Tropical mangroves constitute a habitat critical to erosion prevention, coastal water quality, and the reproductive success of many marine organisms. Mangrove forests have also provided a sustainable and renewable resource of firewood, timber, pulp, and charcoal for local communities. To construct dike ponds for farming, these habitats are razed and restoration is extremely difficult. India is on second position in aquaculture. Farmed shrimp boost a developing country's foreign exchange earnings, but the loss of sensitive habitat is difficult to reconcile. According to the Forth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Working Group III (IPCC, 2007) making development more sustainable by changing development paths can make a major contribution to climate change mitigation. Already a number of countries have passed laws that protect mangrove habitats and restrict the development of shrimp farms, but enforcement is difficult in practice.