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RETRACTED: The Paradox Between Concept Knowledge and Digital Maturity Level for Industry 4.0: The Portuguese Case

Author

Listed:
  • André Guimarães

    (CISE – Electromechatronic Systems Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Portugal)

  • Rosivalda Pereira

    (Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Brazil)

  • Maria Teresa Pereira

    (Associate Laboratory for Energy, Transports, and Aerospace (LAETA-INEGI), Polytechnic of Porto, Portugal)

  • Afonso Carvalho

    (Associate Laboratory for Energy, Transports, and Aerospace (LAETA-INEGI), Portugal)

  • Pedro Reis

    (CISeD - Research Centre for Digital Services, Polytechnic of Viseu, Portugal)

  • Antonio J. Marques Marques Cardoso

    (CISE – Electromechatronic Systems Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Portugal)

Abstract

This study examines whether companies' knowledge of the Industry 4.0 concept, geographic location, and size influence the digital maturity of Portuguese industrial firms. Data were collected through a self-assessment questionnaire based on the IMPULS model and analyzed using ordinal logistic regression and chi-square tests to test three hypotheses. The results show that none of these factors significantly affects digital maturity, suggesting that isolated variables do not fully explain digital progress and that broader contextual elements, such as support programs and internal digital strategies, may play a more decisive role. The study meets its objectives and contributes to understanding digital readiness in the Portuguese industrial context. Future research should incorporate additional variables, employ longitudinal or sector-specific approaches, and utilize qualitative methods to enhance the analysis further.

Suggested Citation

  • André Guimarães & Rosivalda Pereira & Maria Teresa Pereira & Afonso Carvalho & Pedro Reis & Antonio J. Marques Marques Cardoso, 2026. "RETRACTED: The Paradox Between Concept Knowledge and Digital Maturity Level for Industry 4.0: The Portuguese Case," International Journal of Business Intelligence Research (IJBIR), IGI Global Scientific Publishing, vol. 17(1), pages 1-17, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:igg:jbir00:v:17:y:2026:i:1:p:1-17
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