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Crecimiento económico, empleo formal y estructura productiva

Author

Listed:
  • Martin Trombetta

    (Centro de Estudios para la Producción (CEP XXI) (CABA, Argentina))

  • Agustín Duarte Baracat

    (Centro de Estudios para la Producción (CEP XXI) (CABA, Argentina))

  • Azul Menduiña

    (Centro de Estudios para la Producción (CEP XXI) (CABA, Argentina))

Abstract

La relación entre empleo y crecimiento económico reviste gran interés para la literatura económica. Si bien la prociclicidad del empleo es materia conocida, las estimaciones de elasticidades para países como Argentina son escasas. Empleando un modelo autorregresivo de rezagos distribuidos (ARDL), este trabajo estima la elasticidad del empleo formal respecto del producto y del tipo de cambio real a partir de registros administrativos para el período 2007-2019. Los resultados indican una prociclicidad pequeña en el corto plazo pero considerable en el largo plazo. Adicionalmente, al dividir el empleo en sectores productivos (siguiendo dos niveles de desagregación diferentes), se observan patrones sectoriales no triviales que señalan la importancia de la estructura productiva en la generación de empleo formal. La sensibilidad al tipo de cambio, aunque pequeña a nivel agregado, adopta valores relevantes en sectores cuya inserción productiva los hace típicamente exportadores o importadores netos. Por último, se provee evidencia de distintas elasticidades según el tamaño de las firmas y el signo de los movimientos en el producto./ The relationship between employment and economic growth is of great interest to the economic literature. Although the procyclicality of employment is well known, estimates of elasticities for countries such as Argentina are scarce. Using an autoregressive distributed lagged model (ARDL), this paper estimates the elasticity of formal employment with respect to output and the real exchange rate from administrative records for the period 2007-2019. The results indicate procyclicality is small in the short run but considerable in the long run. Additionally, when dividing employment into productive sectors (following two different levels of disaggregation), we find non-trivial sectoral patterns that point to the importance of the productive structure in the generation of formal employment. The sensitivity to the exchange rate, although small at the aggregate level, adopts relevant values in sectors whose productive insertion makes them typically net exporters or importers. Finally, we provide evidence of different elasticities according to the size of the firms and the sign of the movements in output.

Suggested Citation

  • Martin Trombetta & Agustín Duarte Baracat & Azul Menduiña, 2022. "Crecimiento económico, empleo formal y estructura productiva," Revista de Economía y Estadística, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Instituto de Economía y Finanzas, vol. 60(1), pages 107-144, Diciembre.
  • Handle: RePEc:ief:reveye:v:60:y:2022:i:1:p:107-144
    DOI: 10.55444/2451.7321.2022.v60.n1.37682
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Elasticidad empleo-producto; estructura productiva; elasticidad empleo-tipo de cambio; ARDL;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E24 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
    • C22 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes

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