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Impacto de la liberalización comercial sobre la elasticidad ingreso de importaciones y el crecimiento económico en Latinoamérica. Los casos de Argentina, Brasil, Perú, México y Venezuela

Author

Listed:
  • Maximiliano Albornoz

    (Universidad de Buenos Aires. Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora. Universidad Argentina de la Empresa (UADE)(Buenos Aires, Argentina))

Abstract

El objetivo del artículo es evaluar el impacto de la liberalización comercial sobre la elasticidad ingreso de importaciones y el crecimiento económico para una muestra de cinco de países de Latinoamérica en el periodo 1993-2016. Utilizando una metodología estándar de estimación empleada por la literatura, se obtuvo que la incorporación de la variable arancel produce una suba de la elasticidad ingreso de las importaciones en promedio del 15%. Esto está en consonancia con trabajos previos, con lo sucedido en Latinoamérica desde la Ronda de Uruguay y especialmente con la entrada de China a la Organización Mundial del Comercio. La tasa de crecimiento compatible con la balanza de pagos, medida a través de la Ley de Thirlwall, se redujo en aproximadamente medio punto. Los procesos de liberalización no son la panacea para alcanzar el desarrollo económico, pero si una condición necesaria como ha demostrado la experiencia de Asia oriental. Las elevadas elasticidades ingresos de importaciones son una de las principales barreras para que la región se inserte de manera exitosa en el comercio internacional. La preocupación de Prebisch sigue vigente./ The objective of the article is to evaluate the impact of trade liberalization on the income elasticity of imports and the economic growth for a sample of five Latin American countries during the period 1993-2016. Using a standard estimation methodology employed by the literature, it was obtained that the incorporation of the tariff variable produces a rise in the income elasticity of import demand, on average 15%. This is in line with previous works, what has happened in Latin America since the Uruguay Round, and especially with China's entry into the World Trade Organization. The growth rate compatible with the balance of payments, analyzed through the Thirlwall Law, is reduced to approximately half a point. The Liberalization processes are not a panacea to achieve economic development, but they are a necessary condition as East Asia experience has demonstrated. The high-income elasticities of imports are one of the main barriers for the region to successfully insert itself into international trade. The Prebisch's concern remains valid.

Suggested Citation

  • Maximiliano Albornoz, 2025. "Impacto de la liberalización comercial sobre la elasticidad ingreso de importaciones y el crecimiento económico en Latinoamérica. Los casos de Argentina, Brasil, Perú, México y Venezuela," Revista Actualidad Económica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Instituto de Economía y Finanzas, vol. 35(115), pages 43-63, Ene-Abr.
  • Handle: RePEc:ief:revaec:v:35:y:2025:i:115:p:43-63
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    JEL classification:

    • C10 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - General
    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • F41 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - Open Economy Macroeconomics

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