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Impacto de reformas en el impuesto a la renta de las personas en Argentina sobre la distribución de ingresos después de impuestos

Author

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  • Santiago Afonso

    (Consultor Independiente (Argentina))

Abstract

Estudiamos la dinámica de la desigualdad de los ingresos antes y después de impuestos a los ingresos del trabajo personal durante el período que va de 1996 a 2015 en Argentina. Luego de la crisis de 2001-2002, el país observó cambios en la estructura de su economía, en las instituciones del mercado laboral y en las políticas fiscales, con un incremento del peso del sector público en la economía. La trayectoria del impuesto no fue monótona sino dependiente del ciclo político. El documento describe la evolución histórica de los parámetros del tributo y sus principales reformas. Luego empleamos datos administrativos de los empleos en relación de dependencia privados para simular su determinación para cada año y calcular así indicadores de desigualdad. Encontramos una tendencia decreciente de la desigualdad de los ingresos después de impuestos, especialmente sobre el final del período. Las distorsivas reformas al impuesto motivadas por las elecciones generan regresiones limitadas pero perceptibles en los indicadores de desigualdad./ We study income inequality dynamics in Argentina over the 1996-2015 period, before and after taxes on labor and social security contributions. After the 2001-2002 crisis, the country experienced changes in its economic structure, labor market institutions and fiscal policies, with an increase in the size of the public sector. The personal income tax contributed to that expansion by growing in the number of taxpayers and effective rates. The rise was not monotonic, but rather affected by the political cycle. The document describes the historic evolution of the tax’s parameters and its main reforms. We then use administrative payroll data of registered employees to simulate tax liabilities and therefore calculate inequality indicators. We find that after-tax income inequality has a decreasing tendency, particularly towards the end of the period. The distortive tax reforms motivated by the elections create limited but perceptible regressions on the inequality indicators.

Suggested Citation

  • Santiago Afonso, 2023. "Impacto de reformas en el impuesto a la renta de las personas en Argentina sobre la distribución de ingresos después de impuestos," Revista Actualidad Económica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Instituto de Economía y Finanzas, vol. 33(110), pages 41-73, May-Ago.
  • Handle: RePEc:ief:revaec:v:33:y:2023:i:110:p:41-73
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    File URL: https://revistas.unc.edu.ar/index.php/acteconomica/article/view/44141
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Desigualdad del ingreso; Impuesto a la renta; Inflación;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
    • E24 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
    • E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
    • H24 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
    • J38 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Public Policy

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