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Relative ecological footprints based on resource usage efficiency per capita: macro-level segmentation of 121 countries

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  • D. Steven White
  • Adam J. Sulkowski

Abstract

This paper makes a vital contribution to the fields of sustainability studies, environmental policy-making and green business planning by presenting evidence that contradicts widely accepted conventional wisdom about the relative environmental efficiency of countries as determined by resource usage per capita. Using model-based cluster analysis, this study forms and compares groups of countries that are statistically similar in terms of their global ecological impact per person. The three measures of efficiency – energy consumption per capita, emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) per capita, and per capita paper and paper products consumption – are all related to a country's comparative resource usage efficiency and contribution to climate change, a primary global concern. The authors offer theoretical and practical motivations for using model-based cluster analysis as well as provide interpretation and insight of the resulting clusters.

Suggested Citation

  • D. Steven White & Adam J. Sulkowski, 2010. "Relative ecological footprints based on resource usage efficiency per capita: macro-level segmentation of 121 countries," International Journal of Sustainable Economy, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 2(2), pages 224-240.
  • Handle: RePEc:ids:ijsuse:v:2:y:2010:i:2:p:224-240
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