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A closed-loop supply chain game model considering reciprocal preferences and echelon utilisation

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  • Shan Yu
  • Qiang Hou

Abstract

Considering the closed-loop supply chain decision-making process of power battery cascade utilisation under the reciprocal preference, this paper constructs the profit function of all stakeholders in the power battery closed-loop supply chain, studies the optimal equilibrium strategy and evolution characteristics, simulates the path evolution process of profits by numerical simulation, analyses the sensitivity of parameters, and verifies the impact of various parameters on the overall structure and path. The results show that with the increase of the reciprocity preference degree, the manufacturers will increase the retail price of new power batteries and the repurchase price of used batteries, and the echelon users will not change the retail price of high energy density batteries. The reciprocal preference behaviour among members enhances the interests of other members through profit transfer, achieves the maximum benefits of the closed-loop supply chain and promotes the sustained and stable operation of the supply chain.

Suggested Citation

  • Shan Yu & Qiang Hou, 2026. "A closed-loop supply chain game model considering reciprocal preferences and echelon utilisation," International Journal of Services and Operations Management, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 54(1), pages 58-80.
    • Handle: RePEc:ids:ijsoma:v:54:y:2026:i:1:p:58-80
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