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Bi-objective multiple drones and trucks combined operation parcel delivery

Author

Listed:
  • Bhawesh Sah
  • Shalabh Singh
  • Rohit Titiyal
  • Sonia Singh

Abstract

Drones have the capability to work in coordination with trucks to improve the last mile delivery process. The travelling salesman problem with drone (TSP-D) is one such recently introduced problem, where drones and a truck work together to make deliveries. We propose a bi-objective drone truck combined operations model with multiple drones and trucks working out of a depot to make deliveries to customers. The two objectives considered are makespan completion time and the delivery cost, both of the objectives are of minimisation type. We propose a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) to solve the proposed variant and present a thorough sensitivity analysis to discuss the efficacy and efficiency of our work.

Suggested Citation

  • Bhawesh Sah & Shalabh Singh & Rohit Titiyal & Sonia Singh, 2026. "Bi-objective multiple drones and trucks combined operation parcel delivery," International Journal of Operational Research, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 56(1), pages 16-40.
    • Handle: RePEc:ids:ijores:v:56:y:2026:i:1:p:16-40
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