Hierarchical MAC protocol with adaptive duty-cycle adjustment algorithm for wireless sensor network

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the existing routing algorithms causes increased energy utilisation and minimises the lifetime of the network. In order to conquer this problem, in this paper, an adaptive duty-cycle adjustment algorithm based on the traffic and channel condition is put forwarded. Initially, the node with higher weight value is chosen as cluster head, the value is calculated from residual energy and delay between the successive transmissions. After the cluster formation, the relay nodes are selected by their remaining battery energy and the channel state in the network for the data transmission. Based on the relay nodes found, the network traffic is controlled by the traffic adaptive duty-cycle. In this approach, the heads of each cluster collects traffic information from member nodes and computes appropriate duty cycle according to current traffic, and then the resulting duty cycle information conveyed to normal nodes. The node then executes the data transmission based on the duty cycle. Our results revealed that the proposed approach minimises the energy utilisation and enhances the network lifetime too.