Integration of supplier evaluation and closed-loop supply chain network design from internal and external stakeholders' perspectives using grey hybrid SWARA-COPRAS methods

Today, due to environmental, social, and financial considerations as well as customer expectations, designing closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) networks has become very important from all stakeholders' perspectives. In this paper, an integrated model for a CLSC network is presented in four stages. In the first stage, the hybrid SWARA-COPRAS method is applied to score suppliers. In the second stage, environmental and social scores of the refurbishment sites are computed. In the third stage, the customer priorities for substitute products are calculated. In the fourth stage, an integrated four-objective integer linear programming model is proposed from the perspectives of organisation, customers, suppliers, and community. The model selects suppliers, locates refurbishment sites, and determines the flows between supply chain entities. In addition to maximising supply from the most qualified suppliers and producing desirable products for customers, the sustainability of supply chain from environmental, social, and financial perspectives has been considered.