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University spin-offs, entrepreneurial environment and start-up policy: the cases of Waterloo and Toronto (Ontario) and Columbus (Ohio)

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  • Harald Bathelt
  • Ben Spigel

Abstract

Universities can be central to a region's economic growth and development, especially if they support start-up, spin-off and modernisation processes related to the regional core sectors. While many governments and associations have developed programmes to encourage the establishment of university spin-offs, the policies they craft are hampered by two major problems. The first is a narrow understanding of spin-offs that focuses on firms directly based on university research. This approach misses firms that use university-related knowledge and resources, unsponsored through the university. Second, spin-off promotion policies often ignore the role of a larger regional entrepreneurial culture and supporting institutions. This paper argues that a broader view of spin-offs is required; a view that accounts for a larger array of ventures and that looks beyond the firm or university to the broader set of regional structures and relations. The empirical evidence presented draws from start-up and spin-off experiences at universities in the USA and Canada.

Suggested Citation

  • Harald Bathelt & Ben Spigel, 2011. "University spin-offs, entrepreneurial environment and start-up policy: the cases of Waterloo and Toronto (Ontario) and Columbus (Ohio)," International Journal of Knowledge-Based Development, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 2(2), pages 202-219.
    • Handle: RePEc:ids:ijkbde:v:2:y:2011:i:2:p:202-219
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    Cited by:

    1. Alexandra Tsvetkova & Rhiannon Pugh & Jana Schmutzler, 2019. "Beyond global hubs: Broadening the application of systems approaches," Local Economy, London South Bank University, vol. 34(8), pages 755-766, December.
    2. Francesc Xavier Grau, 2016. "A short communication on glocal universities," International Journal of Knowledge-Based Development, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 7(1), pages 63-74.

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