Sustainability monitoring and analysis in Industry 4.0: a case of Indian drinking water treatment plant

Sustainability monitoring and analysis is a complex framework under global reporting initiative (GRI) standards achievable through automation for effective materiality. The design of industrial internet of things (IIoT) enabled cyber physical systems under Industry 4.0 framework may prove effective in meeting the GRI-defined sustainability goals. This study followed action research methodology to investigate the approach of combining hazard analysis and critical control point and dynamic hazard and operability to identify critical control points and control loops. This investigation was conducted using piping and instrumentation diagrams within an Indian drinking water treatment plant. An approach was designed to identify sustainability hazards, assess their impacts, and establish dynamic critical limits based on real-time data from sensors and transmitters within critical control point loops. A comprehensive approach for converting control loops into IIoT-enabled systems was proposed, culminating in a ten-step methodology with theoretical and practical implications for automated sustainability monitoring and analysis.