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Unveiling the evolution of early internationalisation research: a bibliometric-systematic literature review

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  • Gentjan Ulaj
  • Mahmut Hızıroğlu

Abstract

Early internationalisation (EI) has expanded considerably over the past three decades, yet its conceptual development and fragmentation remain insufficiently addressed. This study fills that gap by conducting a bibliometric-systematic literature review (B-SLR) of EI research from 1993 to 2023, drawing on Scopus data. Using performance analysis and co-word analysis, we examine key contributors and track thematic shifts across three decades of scholarship. Our findings reveal a shift from identifying the phenomenon to exploring its drivers, processes, and post-entry outcomes. Despite this progress, conceptual fragmentation persists. To support future research, we propose key questions across emerging areas such as decision-making, digitalisation, internationalisation speed, strategic capabilities, and institutional contexts.

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  • Gentjan Ulaj & Mahmut Hızıroğlu, 2025. "Unveiling the evolution of early internationalisation research: a bibliometric-systematic literature review," International Journal of Globalisation and Small Business, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 15(1), pages 101-133.
    • Handle: RePEc:ids:ijgsbu:v:15:y:2025:i:1:p:101-133
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