A digital technology for energy-saving ventilation control in underground infrastructures: integrating coupled simulation and BP algorithm

To address the challenges of energy inefficiency and delayed response in ventilation management of energy-intensive underground infrastructures, this study proposes a novel digital technology named Spatial Temporal Attention-based Back Propagation (STABP), which integrates coupled simulation and BP algorithm. It aims to achieve accurate prediction and dynamic regulation of ventilation demand in underground spaces, thereby optimising energy use. This study constructs a cross-disciplinary technological framework that integrates physical process simulation with data-driven algorithms, representing a novel approach to managing technological complexity in building energy systems. Firstly, based on Kriging interpolation method, spatial reconstruction is performed on limited sensor data to generate high-resolution gridded pollutant concentration fields, which serve as input boundary conditions for coupled simulation. Then, the BP algorithm is used for rapid dimensionality reduction and error compensation of high-dimensional spatiotemporal fields. Time series data is processed using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM).